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 LingvoSoft Dictionary software English <-> Yiddish for Windows - 400,000 wordsWith this LingvoSoft smart dictionary software on your computer, you can easily switch between English and Yiddish, for prompt translations of 400,000 words both ways! Download Free Trial now 14,000 of the 20,000 German, Austrian and Czech Jews deported to Latvia were murdered there in WW II. Yad Vashem has added a list of over 48,000 Jews to their database. Assistance is available via e-mail at names.research@yadvashem.org.il Balkan Research - at this site you will find many links to Yugoslavia, Croatia, Bosnia and the Czech Republic among other countries and subjects -
"Jewish Sights of Bohemia and Moravia" - this books reviews the history of Jewish settlement in the Czech Republic and examines the history and character of Jewish ghettos, synagogues and cemeteries in the region. Published in 1991 "Rescue in Albania", authored by Harvey Sarner, details the facts that Albania is the only country in Europe that had a greater population of Jews within its borders after World War II, than before the Holocaust began. The reason, is that Albanians live by a moral code of responsibility called "Bessa, which not only mandates hospitality to guests, but makes insuring the well being of a guest an Albanian's personal duty. "Righteous Gentiles". These are non Jews, from many countries, who put their own lives at risk to save the lives of their Jewish neighbors during WW II and Albanians are particularly noteworthy in this regard.
Art Source International offers antique maps, prints and globes at Art Source International 1944 Map of Balkans, Carpathian Mountains Terrain Map Croatia Map Albania Books on this country can be found by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy Albania is a country with a population less than that of Los Angeles, with the courage to practice, rather than just preach their professed beliefs. Under Communist rule, Albania was proclaimed the world's firs atheist state, and the practice of religion, even privately, was outlawed. During this period, religious sites, Jewish and non-Jewish, were ravaged. With the collapse of Communism, most Albanian Jews immigrated to Israel, and today only a small remnant - about 15 people - of the Jewish population remains. During the Holocaust, Albanian Jews were protected by their neighbors and Jews from other countries who succeeded in reaching Albania also found sanctuary. Benjamin of Tudela heard of people living in the region, evidently Walachians, toward the end of the 12th century: "They are not strong in the faith of the Nazarenes and call each other by Jewish names, and some say that they are Jews." Jewish settlements were founded at the beginning of the 16th century in the Albanian seaports by exiles from Spain, who were joined by refugees from other areas. There were sizeable trading communities at Berat, Durazzo, Elbassan, and Valona: here there were Castilian, Catalonian, Sicilian, Portuguese, and Apulian synagogues. Information about Albania, including maps can be found at
Albanian Newspaper Link Saranda - a 1500 year old synagogue was discovered here by archeologists from Jerusalem's Hebrew University, as well as others who have been working to uncover and excavate the remains of this important historical site. Bosnia and Herzegovina
Books on this country can be found by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy
It currently has a population of about 3.4 million. Fewer than 1,000 Bosnian Jews survived the Holocaust. It borders Croatia; Serbia and Montenegro. Until declaring independence in the spring of 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina existed as a republic in the former Yugoslavia. Bosnia and Herzegovina: Reference - including Country Guide, E-mail and Business Page Directories, Maps Bosnia and Herzegovina Search Engines http://slavic.ohio-state.edu/people/yoo/links/bosnia/search.htm http://www.twics.com/~takakuwa/search/bosnia.html Search for maps of Bosnia Bosnia and the Balkan War - you can research the Balkan Wars at this site Diplomatic Representation from the US: Chief of Mission: Ambassador Richard Kauzlarich. Embassy: 43 Ul. Dure Dakovica, Sarajevo Phone: [387] (71) 445-700, 667-391, 667-389, 667-743, 667-390, 659-969, 659-992 Fax: [387] (71) 659-722 Diplomatic Representation in the US: Chief of Mission: Ambassador Sven Alkalaj, Chancery: Suite 760, 1707 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 Phone 1 202 833 3612, 3613, 3615 Fax: 1 202 833 2061
Europages - business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds Jewish Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina Post Offices of Former Austrian Territories - includes Base post offices in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bohemia, Hungary, Levant, Lombardy, Mantua, Moravia, Silesia, Prague, Poland (Galicia), Venetia and Yugoslavia - all places are in alphabetical order, with provinces prefixed Sarajevo The capital city. Sarajevo is the major city with other cities and towns including Bihac, Prijedor, Banja Luka, Bosanski Brod, Brcko, Tuzia, Zenica, Gorazde and Mostar in the general area. There are many small towns, in addition to these, but most did not have Jews living there at any time. The Jewish community in Sarajevo dates back to as early as 1565 and is one of the oldest in the former Yugoslavia. The Sarajevo National Museum, since 1894, has owned the famous Sarajevo Haggada. This is the 109 page manuscript that is lavishly illustrated with exquisite illuminated paintings and has long been a symbol of Jewish presence in the Balkans. The Haggada was created in Spain in the 14th century and brought to Sarajevo after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492. The Old Stone Synagogue is being used for services again. It was built in 1581 and after WW II was used as a Jewish museum until closed during the Bosnian War. Jakob Finci is president of the Bosnian Jewish Community. Sarajevo Haggada - The lavishly illustrated manuscript that was hand written in Spain in the 14th century and brought by a circuitous route to Bosnia after the expulsion of the Jews in 1492
Search Engines for Bosnia Scroll down to 'Search Engines' Slavophilia - a comprehensive guide to Internet resources on Russia and Central/Eastern Europe Translating Services - Click Here Just in case you didn't think of it, contact a nearby university or college's foreign language department. They may offer to write letters and translate letters into English. A nominal fee is usually charged. Vlasenica A small town near Sarajevo in northern Bosnia where Jews still live. The singer Flory Jagoda, a Ladino Jewess, and her family came from this community. She now lives in Alexandria, Virginia, USA.
Books on this country can be found by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy Croatia is located in southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia and is slightly smaller than the State of West Virginia. It currently has a population of 4.7 million. Because of its location, this country controls most land routes from western Europe to the Aegean Sea and the Turkish Straits. More details about the country can be found at Administrative Divisions - 21 Counties (Zupanijas, Zupanija - Singular): Bjelovar-Bilogora, City of Zagreb, Dubrovnik-Beretta, Sitar, Carload, Koprivnica-Krizevci, Krapina-Zagorje, Lika-Senj, Medimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Pozega-Slavonia, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Sibenik, Sisak-Moslavina, Slavonski, Brod-Posavina, Split-Dalmatia, Varazdin, Virovitica-Podravina, Vukovar-Srijem, Zadar-Knin, Zagreb Archives - National Archives Cities and Towns (Croatia) Dubrovnik The Jewish Communities of Dubrovnik database Fiume, (Rijeka) an emigration port on the Adriatic Sea for Hungarian and Croatian Jews, is now known as Rijeka and is in the Republic of Croatia near Trieste. At one time, before WW 1, Fiume was located in Modrus-Fiume County in Austro- Hungary. Jasenovac - located about 60 miles southeast of Croatia's capital of Zagreb. This is one of six camps that held Jews, huge numbers of Serbs and Gypsies who were slaughtered by the Ustashe. Osijek currently has a small Jewish population. Varazdin - The FHC (Family History Center) has no films on Jewish records for this town, just Roman Catholic records. Zagreb -
The capital of Croatia currently has a small Jewish population. http://www.kosherdelight.com/Croatia.shtml Coordinating Committee of Jewish Communities in Croatia Croatia Map Europages - business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds Jasenovac - the largest WW II extermination camp in Croatia. It was built in August 1941 and finally dismantled in April 1945. It was the scene of one of the most barbaric death camps of the Holocaust and was the only death camp in Europe to have been run by local people without the help of the Nazis. Newspaper Link Search Engines for Croatia Slavophilia - a comprehensive guide to Internet resources on Russia and Central/Eastern Europe Macedonia Books on this country can be found by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy Macedonia is the only country created from the breakup of Communist-era Yugoslavia that, has not experienced war during the past decade. Only about 200 Jews live in the country, but the tight-knit group has been fighting to revive Jewish traditions, Jewish identity and Jewish life - and their presence has been recognized by the national leadership as an important symbol in a state that has tried to maintain a peaceful ethnic mix. What is believe to be the first new synagogue built in the Balkans since the end of WW II, was dedicated in 2000. In 1999, the Jewish community established a Jewish Humanitarian Aid Society called Dobra Volja to help refugees from Kosovo of whatever nationality - Albanian, Serb or Gyps - and also help local Macedonians in need. Capital city of the Republic of Macedonia is Skopje. The Jewish community leader is Viktor Mizrahi. Izhak Asiel is the chief rabbi of both Macedonia and Yugoslavia. Zdravko Sami is vice president of the Jewish Community in Macedonia. MIA: Macedonian Information Almanac Archives - The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia - State Archives Bitola (Monastir), Macedonia - "Evreite vo Makedonija vo Vtorata Svetska Vojna, 1941 - 1945; Zbornik na" (The Jews in Macedonia During the Second World War (1941 - 1945) - Collection of Documents) - Europages - business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds FYR Macedonia - Jewish Community of Macedonia Monastir - There are Regional Special Interest Groups that have Macedonia information and links. The site includes links to Bohemia-Moravia SIG, Denmark SIG, German-Jewish SIG, Hungary SIG and Stammbaum - German SIG at Search Engines for Macedonia Slavophilia - a comprehensive guide to Internet resources on Russia and Central/Eastern Europe Serbia Serbia today, has about 3,000 Jews who are highly integrated into mainstream society. Books on this country can be found by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy Serbia-Today - to learn more about Serbia, I found this link The site offers to help you in your research and also offers additional links including surnames, etc. General Apatin - there were only about 60 Jews living here before WW II and the Jewish community was murdered in the Holocaust. It is a small Serbian town near the Hungarian border has a synagogue with a strange mural on the ceiling. The synagogue was built in 1885 for a Neolog congregation, the Hungarian version of Reform Judaism. The mural shows the ten Commandments in the sky, but the Hebrew lettering on the tablets is written backward in mirror image. No one knows why this exists nor is there anything comparable in that part of Serbia or in Hungary. The synagogue was sold to a Baptist church. Belgrade - the country's capital is located on the edge of the Carpathian Basin near where the Sava River meets the mighty Danube. Its position on the route from Turkey to Central Europe has long made it a center of commerce, communication, and, at times, upheaval. Europages - business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds Map and General Reference Information Maps of Europe Newspapers in Serbia Novi Sad - the capital of Vojvodina is situated at a strategic bend in the Danube. Subotica - there is still a Jewish community (about 220 Jews - the third largest in Serbia) located here. Mira Poljakovic is the communities representative and there is a synagogue where services are held. The city is north of Belgrade on the Hungarian border. Slovenia Slovenia lies 100 miles east of Venice, Italy and about 150 miles south of Vienna. It is about the size of the State of New Jersey. It currently has a population of 2 million. The language is Slovenian also known as Slovene. During the late 1800s, an estimated 330,000 immigrants emigrated to Cleveland, Ohio. Slovenia has been fought over in many wars. It the last century, it was a province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and a part of Yugoslavia. During the 20 years between the world wars, Italy annexed a large chunk of the country. It is easy to get confused about Slovenia, but it should not be mistaken for Slovakia, a nation neighboring the Czech Republic or Slavonia, a region of Croatia. Archives - Archives of the Republic - in Ljubljana
Map of Slovenia Books Capital of Slovenia is Ljubljana (pronounced loob-lyana) has a population of about 300,000. The Electronic Embassy - has many Slovenia links sponsored by a service of TeleDiplomacy, Inc. Europages - business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds Hotels - Best Hotel in Ljubljana is the Grand Hotel Union located on Miklosceva Street. Jewish Community of Slovenia - Organization, History, Life in Slovenia, Judaism in Slovenia, News and more Jewish Community of Slovenia Loka pri Zusmu - a tiny village once in Yugoslavia, is now in the Republic of Slovenia since 1991. It is east of the Slovene capital of Ljubljana, not far from the city of Celje. The nearest large town is Sentur also close to Celje, which lies between Sentur and the border with Croatia.
Search Engines for Macedonia Slavophilia - a comprehensive guide to Internet resources on Russia and Central/Eastern Europe Slovenia. A Guide to Virtual Slovenia Telephone Directory - Slovenian phonebook in English/German/Slovenian Translating Services - Click Here Just in case you didn't think of it, contact a nearby university or college's foreign language department. They may offer to write letters and translate letters into English. A nominal fee is usually charged.
14,000 of the 20,000 German, Austrian and Czech Jews deported to Latvia were murdered there in WW II. Yad Vashem has added a list of over 48,000 Jews to their database. Assistance is available via e-mail at names.research@yadvashem.org.il Balkan Research - at this site you will find many links to Yugoslavia, Croatia, Bosnia and the Czech Republic among other countries and subjects -
"Jews In Yugoslavia: Muzejski prostor, Zagreb, Jezuitski trg 4.", - edited by Ante Soric, et al and translated from Serbo-Croatian into English by Mira Vlatkovic and Sonia Wild-Bicanic. Published by MGC of Zagreb, Croatia in 1989. General An excellent site to find information about Yugoslavia. Type in Yugoslavia in the search field. This site is a great source to find information for almost every European country. Yugoslavia currently has a population of 11.2 million. The close-knit Jewish community in the former Yugoslav Federation was divided when Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia broke away and became independent during a series of bloody wars. The president of the Federation of Jewish Communities in Yugoslavia is Aca Singer. Archives - Yugoslavia Archives - in Belgrade Belgrade - the capital city has at least one active synagogue. Photo of synagogues - Before WW II, there were 10,400 Jews and roughly 16,000 in the whole of Serbia. Almost 90 percent were killed in the Holocaust. The Belgrade Fair exhibition ground was once described as "the forgotten concentration camp" - the Sajmiste camp that the site was turned into during WW II by the occupying Nazis. Bitola (Monastir), Macedonia - "Evreite vo Makedonija vo Vtorata Svetska Vojna, 1941 - 1945; Zbornik na" (The Jews in Macedonia During the Second World War (1941 - 1945) - Collection of Documents) - Chelarevo The book, "Jews In Yugoslavia" was the ultimate source for both Ruth Ellen Gruber and Noel Malcolm regarding the Chelarevo gravesite. The book contains two photographs of Jewish stones from Chelarevo (Pages 21, 22) as well as the following text: "The early-medieval graveyard and settlement at Chelarevo, near Novi Sad, offers the most numerous and most unusual finds with Jewish symbols. Along with several hundreds of graves of typically Avaric characteristics (judging by the pottery, jewelry and horsemen's gear) excavations begun in 1972 produced several hundreds of graves of the same shape but lacking any additional burial objects. Although a considerable number of graves of this other type had been destroyed by the operation of a near-by brick works, they offered a unique archeological find, which at the same time was a great enigma: each grave was marked by a fragment of a Roman brick (never a whole brick, although these were plentiful in the near-by older Roman sites) into which a menorah was cut, and most frequently two other Jewish symbols on its left and right sides: the shofar and an esrog, a lulav on some bricks and even a small Jewish six-pointed star. Some 450 brick fragments have so far been found. A new major find at the Chelarevo site, according to a communication by archeologist Radovan Bunardzhic, who is continuing the excavations, is the discovery of a large settlement (sic.) in the immediate vicinity of the graveyard. Only a part of the settlement, 1.5 km long and 0.5 km wide, has so far been uncovered, but excavation is not yet complete. Apart from the remains of a goldsmith's workshop and a few fragments of brick with carved-in menorah, no elements have been found to indicate the origin of Chelarevo's inhabitants. Anthropological analyses have been made on the remains of skeletons from the graveyards with common Avaric objects, and they suggest a Mongol origin of that part of the population of Chelarevo, but with certain differences in comparison with the Avaric characteristics known so far. It is assumed that it was a newly arrived Mongol tribe from Asia. Results of anthropological analysis for which skeleton material has been forwarded recently are expected to shed more light on the extraction of the population whose tombs did not contain any additional funeral objects apart from the brick fragments with carved Jewish symbols. Several hypotheses have been proposed on the possible origin of a Jewish or Judaised population who marked the graves of their dead in this unusual way and had literate people among them. The influence of the Crimea Khazars has been mentioned in this context; their ruler, nobility and part of the population were Judaised in the 8th century and many Jews who had emigrated from Asia Minor and Byzantium, lived among them. Other migrations of inhabitants from Asia Minor can be assumed, as the Jewish Diaspora had been widespread there for centuries. Neither can another supposition be neglected of descendants of much earlier settlers from the Middle East during the Roman period, i.e. the so-called Oriental Jews who the troubled conditions in the Balkans drove north at the times of the Vo'lkerwanderung. One thing has been established with certainty: although the one-time population of Chelarevo had different creeds, Pagan and Jewish, they did share the same settlement and the same graveyard. apart from certain sections of the graveyard where one or the other type of grave prevails, both types intermingle in a considerable part of the graveyard." The previous information was obtained from the Khazaria Info Center News Europages - business 2 business company directory and business in Europe, yellow pages access, international and European business directory (professional services, addresses and business classifieds Jewish Communities Kikinda - there is a Jewish memorial plaque in town and at least one elderly Holocaust survivor still living here. Maps - Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection - a source for maps of Yugoslavia including city maps, and links to other country maps. A great web site 1944 Map of Balkans, Carpathian Mountains Terrain Map Maps of Europe Passports Issued by the Empire - local authorities throughout the Empire issued passports. The register that LDS has only includes a listing of passports that were issued by the Vienna passport office (i.e. the register doesn't include passports, which were issued by other offices in Austria, such as Galicia, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, etc.). Here is what LDS has from the Vienna Passport Office: Post Offices of Former Austrian Territories - includes Base post offices in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bohemia, Hungary, Levant, Lombardy, Mantua, Moravia, Silesia, Prague, Poland (Galicia), Venetia and Yugoslavia - all places are in alphabetical order, with provinces prefixed Selenca (now located in Serbia) - Search Engines for Yugoslavia Slavophilia - a comprehensive guide to Internet resources on Russia and Central/Eastern Europe Subotica - there is a synagogue in this village Translating Services - Click Here Just in case you didn't think of it, contact a nearby university or college's foreign language department. They may offer to write letters and translate letters into English. A nominal fee is usually charged. Ujvidek (renamed Novid Sad, Yugoslavia) Zrenjanin - there is a Jewish memorial plaque in town and the remains of a Jewish cemetery. Lidija Petrovic is the president of the Jewish community..
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